Problem sa postavljanjem službenika na položaju i depolitizacija državne uprave
Jedna od najvažnijih promena koje je trebalo da donese Zakon o državnim službenicima iz 2005. godine bila je „depolitizacija“ najviših službeničkih mesta u državnoj upravi (npr. pomoćnici ministara, sekretari ministarstava, direktori uprava i slično). Ideja koju je taj zakon doneo bila je da ta lica postavlja Vlada, ali na osnovu prethodno sprovedenog konkursa. Politički činioci nisu u potpunosti otklonjeni zakonskim rešenjem, zato što je Vladi ostala mogućnost da od tri najbolja kandidata koje predloži komisija odabere jednog po nahođenju ili da ne odabere nikoga od predloženih (rešenje koje je iz istih razloga manjkavo sadrži i novi Zakon o javnim preduzećima - konkursi za izbor direktora). Prvih nekoliko godina mnoga ministarstva nisu pokretala postupak za raspisivanje konkursa, već su se služili prelaznim odredbama Zakona – članom 179, pa su ovi službenici u velikom broju postavljani i razrešavani na osnovu ranijih propisa, koji omogućavaju da se to učini bez konkursa i obrazloženja a krajnji rokovi za sprovođenje konkursa su više puta pomerani.
Takvo stanje je trebalo da bude presečeno odredbom Zakona prema kojoj službenicima na položaju koji su postavljeni na osnovu ranijih propisa „dužnost u svakom slučaju prestaje 31.12.2010.“ Već duže od dve godine Transparentnost – Srbija pokušava zvaničnim putem da dođe do informacije o tome šta se zaista dogodilo nakon tog datuma, ali usled nepostupanja Vlade po našim zahtevima za pristup informacijama, kao i grešaka i sporog postupanja Upravnog suda koji rešava po tužbama u upravnom sporu, ti podaci još uvek nisu dostupni. Siurno je da su svi konkursi bili raspisani i sprovedeni (oglašeni su na sajtu Službe za upravljanje kadrovima), ali ne i koliko je mesta ostalo nepopunjeno nakon njih.
Međutim, Vlada je tokom 2011. i 2012. nastvila da koristi pravni osnov koji više nije smeo da bude u primeni. Na osnovu izvoda sa pojedinačnih sednica, došli smo do podatka da je tokom poslednjih godinu ipo dana prethodne Vlade, na regularan način (nakon konkursa) postavljeno 58 službenika, da je u šest slučajeva produžen mandat službenicima koji su i ranije bili birani na osnovu važećeg Zakona o državnim službenicima, dok je u preko polovine slučajeva (75) postavljenje izvršeno „na osnovu odredaba ranijih propisa“ (to jest, bez konkursa).
Ovo pitanje nije prošlo bez reakcije Evropske komisije. U njihovom godišnjem izveštaju o napretku za 2012. se konstatuje:
Jedan broj imenovanja na mesta visokih državnih službenika je još uvek u toku. Postupci izbora se ne primenjuju ravnomerno, a rukovodioci još uvek imaju previše diskrecionog prava pri odabiru kandidata sa lista koje izborne komisije sačine po održanim konkursima.
Kako se može videti, Evropska komisija nije uopšte ni razmatrala situaciju da se kandidati na mesta službenika na položaju postavljaju bez konkursa, već je ukazala na problematičnost situacije u kojoj i nakon sprovedenog konkursa postoji mogućnost diskrecione odluke o tome koji će od tri kandidata biti postavljen! Međutim, čini se da o razmerama i prirodi problema ne postoji dovoljno razumevanja, pa se tako u Vladinom Akcionom planu za ispunjavanje preporuka Evropske komisije sadržanih u Godišnjem izveštaju o napretku Republike Srbije u procesu evropskih integracija za 2012. godinu, navodi sledeće:
Donošenjem novog Zakona o ministarstvima formirana su nova ministarstva, te imenovanja na mesta visokih državnih službenika nisu mogla da budu okončana pre donošenja Pravilnika o unutrašnjem uređenju i sistematizaciji radnih mesta u ministarstvima. Kako je donošenje navedenih pravilnika u toku očekuje se da se raspisivanje konkursa za popunjavanje navedenih radnih mesta intenzivira početkom 2013. godine (prvi kvartal). Do kraja trećeg kvartala Vlada će usvojiti Predlog zakona o izmenama i dopunama Zakona o državnim službenicima, kojim će se unaprediti rešenja Zakona vezana za postavljenja državnih službenika položaje kako bi se princip profesionalizacije predviđen zakonom što potpunije ostvario.
Dakle, problem se vezuje za izmene u ustrojstvu državne uprave, iako je očigledno da postoji i kod organa koji nisu pretrpeli nikakve izmene u svojoj unutrašnjoj organizaciji.
U međuvremenu, došlo je do promene Vlade i formiranja nove, koja je profesionalizaciju javnih službi i borbu protiv korupcije postavila još više na listi proklamovanih prioriteta politike. Međutim, napretka po ovom pitanju nema. Tokom čitave 2011, 2012 i prvih meseci 2013. raspisano je ukupno 69 konkursa za popunjavanje položaja (nisu uračunati konkursi za načelnike upravnih okruga), a od toga ukupno 19 za mandata aktuelne Vlade Srbije. S druge strane, od početka rada aktuelne Vlade do 27. februara je postavljen ukupno 161 službenik na položaju. U velikoj većini slučajeva (148), kao pravni osnov se koristi i dalje odredba člana 179. st. 2., koja se može primeniti jedino u slučaju kada je prethodno razrešen službenik postavljen na osnovu „ranijih propisa“. Imajući u vidu navedene odredbe zakona, takvih službenika već odavno ne bi smelo da bude, jer je još početkom 2011. trebalo da budu završena postavljenja kandidata koji su prošli konkurse za sve tada postojeće položaje. Stoga je moguće da se ova odredba koristi za postavljenja službenika i kada nema zakonskog osnova. Druga mogućnost koja postoji jeste da prethodna Vlada nije postavila veliki broj službenika nakon javnih konkursa (preko trećine ukupnog broja) a da aktuelna nije učinila ništa da taj propust otkloni. Kao potvrda za ovu tezu može se navesti statistika odluka o razrešenjima službenika na položaju. U samo 60 od ukupno 162 slučaja, Vlada se pozvala na član 79. Zakona koji se primenjuje u redovnim situacijama a u 102 na odredbu koja se odnosi na razrešenje službenika postavljenih na osnovu „ranijih propisa“.
Međutim, ove sumnje je i dalje nemoguće proveriti. Naime, i aktuelna Vlada je, kao i prethodna, umesto konkretnih dokumenata („spisak položaja i osnova za popunjavanje“) u odgovoru na zahtev od 17. januara 2013. dostavila uopštene informacije i uputila nas na sajt gde takav spisak ne postoji, već samo pojedinačne odluke o postavljenjima i razrešenjima, zipovane i objavljene u okviru pojedinih sednica na kojima se o ovim pitanjima rešavalo. Nakon što urgencija za dobijanje dodatnih informacija nije urodila plodom, pokrenuli smo novi upravni spor, kako bismo došli do potpunih podataka. Pretragom po ovim dokumentima došli smo do zaključka da su u periodu od jula 2012 do februara 2013, nakon konkursa izvršena postavljenja samo u deset slučajeva od kojih je jedna službenica, već ranije postavljena na konkursu, ostala na istom položaju. U tri slučaja je iskorišćena mogućnost vanrednog razrešavanja službenika na položaju iz Zakona o ministarstvima, pa su na tri položaja u Poreskoj upravi postavljeni vršioci dužnosti.
Uvidom u najnovija kadrovska rešenja Vlade, vidi se da se sa ovakvom praksom nastavlja – na poslednje četiri sednice Vlade postavljeno je 11 službenika na položaje na osnovu spornog člana 179. st. 2.
Postavljanje službenika na položaje na osnovu prethodno organizovanih konkursa nije samo pitanje koje je važno zbog zadovoljenja forme ili zbog željene „depolitizacije“ javnih službi. Ono je još bitnije zbog pravne nesigurnosti koju bi donelo nepravilno popunjavanje položaja – ukoliko neki službenici koji obavljaju najvažnije profesionalne poslove u državnoj upravi nisu na legalan način postavljeni na položaje, uvek se može otvoriti pitanje zakonitosti odluka koje oni donose.
Transparentnost – Srbija
Beograd 11. april 2013.
News
Proposals for the implementation of ODIHR recommendations and improvement of election conditions
Transparency Serbia has used the opportunity to present to representatives of parliamentary parties and the Working Group of the Government of Serbia for Cooperation with ODIHR a number of specific proposals and priorities for improving election conditions, especially regarding the financing of the election campaign and preventing the misuse of…
... detaljnije ...TS submitted proposals to the Assembly for the implementation of recommendations from the ODIHR report
Transparency Serbia submitted to the Serbian Parliament and the Government Working Group for the Improvement of the Electoral Process proposals regarding the implementation of certain recommendations from the Final ODIHR report after the December 2023 elections and unfulfilled recommendations after the previous elections. TS informed the ODIHR Observation Mission, the citizens…
... detaljnije ...Ministry of Interior should publish data on migration of voters that it submitted to Prime Minister
The claim of the Prime Minister in the technical mandate, according to which "everyone can check" in how many cases citizens change their residence, not only does not correspond to the factual situation but is directly opposite to the official answer that Transparency Serbia received from the Ministry of Internal…
... detaljnije ...Corruption prevention in the executive branch - useful GRECO recommendations have not yet been implemented
If Serbia were to implement the recommendations it received in March 2022 from GRECO (Group of Countries for Combating Corruption) – a body established by the Council of Europe – it would significantly improve the mechanisms for combating corruption in the work of the executive. However, very little has been…
... detaljnije ...ODIHR calls for improvement of campaign finance rules and prevention of abuse of public resources "well in advance of the…
In the final Report on the December elections, the ODIHR observation mission confirmed some of the findings of Transparency Serbia's monitoring of the election campaign, and a large number of recommendations refer to unresolved issues of election campaign financing, misuse of public resources and participation of public officials in the…
... detaljnije ...The costs of the Belgrade local election campaign - what is shown and what is missing
Although there were 14 election lists in the Belgrade local elections, and the deadline for submitting the final financial reports expired six days ago, only nine lists have been published so far. According to the information published on the Agency for the Prevention of Corruption website, the report on the…
... detaljnije ...Procurement for EXPO 2027 - no minimum deadlines and no legal protection
The Government of Serbia adopted a decree which, in accordance with the lex specialis, prescribes how procurement will be carried out and jobs awarded for EXPO 2027. Nemanja Nenadić from Transparency Serbia for N1 says that the differences between the rules prescribed by the Law on Public Procurement and this…
... detaljnije ...Serbia continues to fall on global list of Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index
In Serbia, there is no political will to reduce corruption; the Government bypasses laws on public procurement, passes special laws for multimillion-projects that are important to it, does not adopt an anti-corruption strategy, and is increasingly distant from the rule of law. It was said at the Transparency of Serbia…
... detaljnije ...TS calls on MIA and HPPO to publish additional information on their actions regarding election irregularities
The information presented to the public by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA), the Ministry of State Administration and Local Self-Government (MSALSG), as well as the Higher Public Prosecutor's Office (HPPO) in Belgrade, regarding allegations of illegality in the electoral list and vote buying, are not sufficient to dispel publicly…
... detaljnije ...Alarm over indications of serious election breaches
Transparency International urgently calls on the Serbian authorities to investigate potential abuses of public office and resources by the ruling party during the 17 December elections. It is also crucial to swiftly determine whether vote-buying took place. The prosecution and the Agency for Prevention of Corruption (APC) need to promptly…
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In the election campaign, blurred line between state and the party - a sharp and valuable report by ODIHR
The observation mission of the ODIHR already in the preliminary Report highlighted not only the shortcomings of legal solutions but also numerous severe violations of the law during the campaign and election day, among which are problems for which Transparency Serbia has been proposing concrete solutions for years. The International Election…
... detaljnije ...Unfulfilled obligations and priorities for the fight against corruption
The International Anti-Corruption Day, 9 December, is a good reason to call on the Parliament and the Government, which will be formed after the upcoming elections, to finally adopt one of the most effective mechanisms for the fight against corruption - the introduction of illegal enrichment, as a criminal offence…
... detaljnije ...EC report – benevolent conclusion on progress and numerous unresolved problems
The European Commission's assessment[1] of Serbia's "limited progress" in the fight against corruption is too benevolent. On the other hand, the EC report is significant, as it points to some of the most important unresolved issues, including direct contracting of procurement for infrastructure projects, illegal acting state in public administration…
... detaljnije ...The work of temporary bodies during the election campaign must be transparent
Transparency Serbia has indicated to the presidents and members of temporary working bodies in 65 cities and municipalities that they have an obligation to ensure the publicity of their work by allowing journalists to attend the sessions and publishing the explanations for the decisions they make. Based on the Law on…
... detaljnije ...Violations marked the introduction to local elections
Information about the fact that the leaders of around 70 cities and municipalities submitted their resignations – meaning their mandate ended – cannot be found on the Agency for the Prevention of Corruption website. It means that the assemblies of these cities and municipalities violated the legal obligation. An even bigger…
... detaljnije ...The amendment to the Law on Electronic Media does not solve the problem of "public officials' campaign"
The provision of the Law on Electronic Media, passed today, even with the amendment that was adopted by the Parliamentary Information Committee – allegedly to fulfil the ODIHR recommendation – does not solve the problems related to the promotional activities of public officials and does not represent the fulfilment of…
... detaljnije ...An amendment to prevent procurement for EXPO 2027 from being conducted without applying the Law on Public Procurement
Transparency Serbia has submitted to parliamentary groups in the Parliament of Serbia a proposal for an amendment to the Special Law on EXPO 2027 that would remove one of the significant corruption risks by obliging the special companies that will be formed for the implementation of the project to apply…
... detaljnije ...Novi Pazar, Sombor and Veliko Gradište the Most Transparent Local Governments in 2023
Novi Pazar, Sombor and Veliko Gradište are the most transparent local governments in 2023 according to the Local Transparency Index published today by Transparency Serbia, with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Since 2015, the Index has been measuring the transparency of all 145 local governments…
... detaljnije ...No public procurement for EXPO 2027 project
Works for the construction of the exhibition area for EXPO 2027, facilities for the accommodation of participants and visitors, the National Stadium and supporting infrastructure – the value of which could amount to one billion euros – will be contracted without the application of the Law on Public Procurement, which…
... detaljnije ...Which Local Governments Were the Most Transparent in Serbia in 2023?
On October 13, 2023, Transparency Serbia and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) will present the results of the 2023 Local Transparency Index (LTI). The Index has been measuring the transparency of all 145 local governments and 25 city municipalities in Serbia each year since 2015 and tracks…
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EPS illegally withholds information
EPS AD (Electric Power Company of Serbia), joint stock company unlawfully withholds essential information from the public about its work and the possible disposing of the assets of great value. Transparency Serbia, since 26 May 2023, has been trying to verify with the Electric Power Company of Serbia the allegations…
... detaljnije ...On amendments to the Law on Prevention of Corruption
The draft amendments to the Law on the Prevention of Corruption[1], presented for public discussion, respond to the GRECO's recommendations for Serbia[2] to a limited extent. On the other hand, it does not contain measures to reduce the scope of the "official campaign" and to increase the capacity of control…
... detaljnije ...The new draft law on the management of state-owned enterprises still needs amendments
The new proposal of the Law on the Management of Public Enterprises Owned by the Republic of Serbia is better than the previously withdrawn one. Still, it also needs to be amended, primarily in the area related to preventing misuse of public resources during the election campaign, transitional provisions and…
... detaljnije ...Corrupt risks of free conversion not taken into account
Amendments to the Law on Planning and Construction carry a high corruption risk because the state is giving up potential public revenues in favour of individual companies and, at the same time, threatens legal certainty and equality before the law. The amendments provide for the free conversion of the "right of…
... detaljnije ...What needs to be fixed in the proposal of the law on the management of state enterprises
Transparency Serbia sent the Government of Serbia, the Ministry of Economy and the Agency for the Prevention of Corruption a detailed analysis of corruption risks and other shortcomings in the draft law on managing business companies owned by the Republic of Serbia (SOE). The proposal for a law on companies owned…
... detaljnije ...Directors of SOE outside the reach of anti-corruption regulations
The directors of the largest state-owned companies (SOE), which manage assets worth tens of billions of euros, will not have the obligations, restrictions or control provided for public officials in the Law on Prevention of Corruption if the deputies adopt the proposed Law on the Management of Companies Owned by…
... detaljnije ...One of the laws crumbling the public procurement system repealed
The repeal of the law on line infrastructure[1], which opened up a huge space for discretionary decision-making and had the potential for corruption, is good news after years of crumbling public procurement systems. However, it is essential to emphasize that by deleting this law, only one of the channels for…
... detaljnije ...Change the selection method for independent bodies' managers
The legal rules leave too much room for political parties to influence the election of heads of independent bodies, Transparency Serbia emphasises. Although the majority of MPs decide the election - which is inevitable - the parties also have the sole or decisive say in the candidacy phase. At today's session…
... detaljnije ...Harmful and unexplained amendments to the Statute of ”JP Elektroprivreda Srbije”
Amendments to the articles of founding act and the Statute of ”JP Elektroprivreda Srbije” will have very harmful consequences on the implementation of anti-corruption laws in the largest Serbian public company, Transparency Serbia warns. In addition, the key reasons for changes are not explained and the legal basis is disputed. The…
... detaljnije ...Prosecutor's Office should increase the transparency of its work and investigate all abuses in EPS
The Higher Public Prosecutor's Office (HPPO) in Belgrade, in response to a request for access to information sent by Transparency Serbia, confirmed[1] that there is no evidence that prosecutor Bojana Savović requested a transfer from the Special Department for the Fight against Corruption. At the same time, HPPO did not submit…
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